10.25241/stomaeduj.2020.7(2).art.4 -abstract

ANESTHESIOLOGY

Unclarities about articaine: contraindications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2020.7(2).art.4

Abstract
Background Articaine is one of the most widely used local anesthetics in dentistry. It is formulated with epinephrine in a 1:100,000 or 1:200,000 concentration as a vasoconstrictor. The addition of epinephrine gives the drug an extensive list of formal contraindications.
Objective To review the literature on the chemistry and safety of articaine with epinephrine, and to review the validity of each of the contraindications.
Data sources The base knowledge was the result of reading a handbook on local anesthesia. Afterward, a literature search was made for publications between 1990 and 2019 concerning contraindications to articaine and dental epinephrine. Some articles about the pharmacological properties of articaine were also used. Finally, what was used was the list of contraindications in the package leaflet of articaine in Belgium as stated on 11/11/2019.
Study selection Articles of good quality and with clear information discussing and explaining these contraindications were included.
Data extraction Information about which contraindications, which drug interactions, and what physiological reasoning is behind them was extracted.
Data synthesis This information was synthesized in an extensive overview. First, the profile, safety and pharmacological properties of articaine with epinephrine were reviewed. Afterwards, an overview of the contraindications and drug interactions was given as stated in the package leaflet and each of them was explained.

Keywords
Articaine; Epinephrine; Pharmacology; Contraindications; Pregnancy.

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STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL (Stoma Edu J) is a new international dental journal whose main purpose is to inform researchers, educators, graduates, postgraduates and practitioners about the latest trends in the field, which followed, would bring immediate and lasting benefits to the patients; and about opinions of the most authorized specialists on what is best in current practice, for the good of both, patient and dentist.
STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL (Stoma Edu J) is a peer-reviewed, open access international dental journal to be database indexed, meant to contribute to the development and completion of the medical training of practitioners as Dr. Greene Vardiman Black stated: “the professional man has no right to be other than a continual student”.
Open access journal, means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.